3MC syndrome
Last updated 18 Aug 2020
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3MC syndrome is a disorder characterised by unusual facial features and problems affecting other tissues and organs.
Description
3MC syndrome is a disorder characterised by unusual facial features and problems affecting other tissues and organs.
The distinctive facial features of people with 3MC syndrome include widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a narrowing of the eye opening (blepharophimosis), droopy eyelids (ptosis), highly arched eyebrows, and an opening in the upper lip (cleft lip) with an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate).
Other common features of 3MC syndrome include developmental delay, intellectual disability, hearing loss, and slow growth after birth resulting in short stature. Less often, individuals with 3MC syndrome can have abnormal fusion of certain bones in the skull (craniosynostosis) or forearm (radioulnar synostosis); an outgrowth of the tailbone (caudal appendage); a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (an umbilical hernia); and abnormalities of the kidneys, bladder, or genitals.
3MC syndrome encompasses four disorders that were formerly considered to be separate: Mingarelli, Malpeuch, Michels, and Carnevale syndromes. Researchers now generally consider these disorders to be part of the same condition, which is called 3MC based on the initials of the older condition names.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Carnevale syndrome
Carnevale-Krajewska-Fischetto syndrome
Craniofacial-ulnar-renal syndrome
Craniosynostosis with lid anomalies
Malpuech facial clefting syndrome
Malpuech syndrome
Michels syndrome
Mingarelli syndrome
Oculo-skeletal-abdominal syndrome
Oculopalatoskeletal syndrome
OSA syndrome
Ptosis of eyelids with diastasis recti and hip dysplasia
Ptosis-strabismus-rectus abdominis diastasis
Further reading and references
- 3MC syndrome; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Atik T, Koparir A, Bademci G, Foster J 2nd, Altunoglu U, Mutlu GY, Bowdin S, Elcioglu N, Tayfun GA, Atik SS, Ozen M, Ozkinay F, Alanay Y, Kayserili H, Thiel S, Tekin M. Novel MASP1 mutations are associated with an expanded phenotype in 3MC1 syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015 Sep 30;10:128. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0345-3.
- Munye MM, Diaz-Font A, Ocaka L, Henriksen ML, Lees M, Brady A, Jenkins D, Morton J, Hansen SW, Bacchelli C, Beales PL, Hernandez-Hernandez V. COLEC10 is mutated in 3MC patients and regulates early craniofacial development. PLoS Genet. 2017 Mar 16;13(3):e1006679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006679. eCollection 2017 Mar.
- Rooryck C, Diaz-Font A, Osborn DP, Chabchoub E, Hernandez-Hernandez V, Shamseldin H, Kenny J, Waters A, Jenkins D, Kaissi AA, Leal GF, Dallapiccola B, Carnevale F, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Lees M, Hennekam R, Stanier P, Burns AJ, Peeters H, Alkuraya FS, Beales PL. Mutations in lectin complement pathway genes COLEC11 and MASP1 cause 3MC syndrome. Nat Genet. 2011 Mar;43(3):197-203. doi: 10.1038/ng.757. Epub 2011 Jan 23.
- Selman L, Hansen S. Structure and function of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin 11 (CL-11, CL-K1). Immunobiology. 2012 Sep;217(9):851-63. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Feb 4.
- Sirmaci A, Walsh T, Akay H, Spiliopoulos M, Sakalar YB, Hasanefendioglu-Bayrak A, Duman D, Farooq A, King MC, Tekin M. MASP1 mutations in patients with facial, umbilical, coccygeal, and auditory findings of Carnevale, Malpuech, OSA, and Michels syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Nov 12;87(5):679-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.09.018. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
- Titomanlio L, Bennaceur S, Bremond-Gignac D, Baumann C, Dupuy O, Verloes A. Michels syndrome, Carnevale syndrome, OSA syndrome, and Malpuech syndrome: variable expression of a single disorder (3MC syndrome)? Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Sep 1;137A(3):332-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30878.
- Urquhart J, Roberts R, de Silva D, Shalev S, Chervinsky E, Nampoothiri S, Sznajer Y, Revencu N, Gunasekera R, Suri M, Ellingford J, Williams S, Bhaskar S, Clayton-Smith J. Exploring the genetic basis of 3MC syndrome: Findings in 12 further families. Am J Med Genet A. 2016 May;170A(5):1216-24. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37564. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
- Venkatraman Girija U, Furze CM, Gingras AR, Yoshizaki T, Ohtani K, Marshall JE, Wallis AK, Schwaeble WJ, El-Mezgueldi M, Mitchell DA, Moody PC, Wakamiya N, Wallis R. Molecular basis of sugar recognition by collectin-K1 and the effects of mutations associated with 3MC syndrome. BMC Biol. 2015 Apr 17;13:27. doi: 10.1186/s12915-015-0136-2.
- Yongqing T, Wilmann PG, Reeve SB, Coetzer TH, Smith AI, Whisstock JC, Pike RN, Wijeyewickrema LC. The x-ray crystal structure of mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteinase-3 reveals the structural basis for enzyme inactivity associated with the Carnevale, Mingarelli, Malpuech, and Michels (3MC) syndrome. J Biol Chem. 2013 Aug 2;288(31):22399-407. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.483875. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
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