tropomyosin 2
Last updated 4 May 2023
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The TPM2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called beta (β)-tropomyosin, which is part of the tropomyosin protein family. Tropomyosin proteins regulate the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) by controlling the binding of two muscle proteins, myosin and actin. In non-muscle cells, tropomyosin proteins play a role in controlling cell shape.
Normal function
The TPM2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called beta (β)-tropomyosin, which is part of the tropomyosin protein family. Tropomyosin proteins regulate the tensing of muscle fibers (muscle contraction) by controlling the binding of two muscle proteins, myosin and actin. In non-muscle cells, tropomyosin proteins play a role in controlling cell shape.
β-tropomyosin is found primarily in skeletal muscles, which are the muscles used for movement. This protein helps regulate muscle contraction by interacting with other muscle proteins, particularly myosin and actin. These interactions are essential for stabilizing and maintaining structures called sarcomeres within muscle cells. Sarcomeres are the basic units of muscle contraction; they are made of proteins that generate the mechanical force needed for muscles to contract.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
beta-tropomyosin
NEM4
TMSB
TPM2_HUMAN
tropomyosin 2 (beta)
tropomyosin beta chain
tropomyosin, skeletal muscle beta
tropomyosin-2
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Further reading and references
- tropomyosin 2; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Beck AE, McMillin MJ, Gildersleeve HI, Kezele PR, Shively KM, Carey JC, Regnier M, Bamshad MJ. Spectrum of mutations that cause distal arthrogryposis types 1 and 2B. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Mar;161A(3):550-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35809. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
- Clarke NF, Domazetovska A, Waddell L, Kornberg A, McLean C, North KN. Cap disease due to mutation of the beta-tropomyosin gene (TPM2). Neuromuscul Disord. 2009 May;19(5):348-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.03.003. Epub 2009 Apr 3.
- Donner K, Ollikainen M, Ridanpaa M, Christen HJ, Goebel HH, de Visser M, Pelin K, Wallgren-Pettersson C. Mutations in the beta-tropomyosin (TPM2) gene--a rare cause of nemaline myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Feb;12(2):151-8. doi: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00252-8.
- Goebel HH. Cap disease uncapped. Neuromuscul Disord. 2007 Jun;17(6):429-32. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.03.011. Epub 2007 Apr 16. No abstract available.
- Lehtokari VL, Ceuterick-de Groote C, de Jonghe P, Marttila M, Laing NG, Pelin K, Wallgren-Pettersson C. Cap disease caused by heterozygous deletion of the beta-tropomyosin gene TPM2. Neuromuscul Disord. 2007 Jun;17(6):433-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.02.015. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
- Marttila M, Lemola E, Wallefeld W, Memo M, Donner K, Laing NG, Marston S, Gronholm M, Wallgren-Pettersson C. Abnormal actin binding of aberrant beta-tropomyosins is a molecular cause of muscle weakness in TPM2-related nemaline and cap myopathy. Biochem J. 2012 Feb 15;442(1):231-9. doi: 10.1042/BJ20111030.
- Monnier N, Lunardi J, Marty I, Mezin P, Labarre-Vila A, Dieterich K, Jouk PS. Absence of beta-tropomyosin is a new cause of Escobar syndrome associated with nemaline myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2009 Feb;19(2):118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.11.009. Epub 2009 Jan 19.
- Ochala J. Thin filament proteins mutations associated with skeletal myopathies: defective regulation of muscle contraction. J Mol Med (Berl). 2008 Nov;86(11):1197-204. doi: 10.1007/s00109-008-0380-9. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
- Ohlsson M, Quijano-Roy S, Darin N, Brochier G, Lacene E, Avila-Smirnow D, Fardeau M, Oldfors A, Tajsharghi H. New morphologic and genetic findings in cap disease associated with beta-tropomyosin (TPM2) mutations. Neurology. 2008 Dec 2;71(23):1896-901. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000336654.44814.b8.
- Sung SS, Brassington AM, Grannatt K, Rutherford A, Whitby FG, Krakowiak PA, Jorde LB, Carey JC, Bamshad M. Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar;72(3):681-90. doi: 10.1086/368294.
- Tajsharghi H, Kimber E, Holmgren D, Tulinius M, Oldfors A. Distal arthrogryposis and muscle weakness associated with a beta-tropomyosin mutation. Neurology. 2007 Mar 6;68(10):772-5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000256339.40667.fb.
- Tajsharghi H, Ohlsson M, Lindberg C, Oldfors A. Congenital myopathy with nemaline rods and cap structures caused by a mutation in the beta-tropomyosin gene (TPM2). Arch Neurol. 2007 Sep;64(9):1334-8. doi: 10.1001/archneur.64.9.1334.
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