Umgang mit einem Kind, das nicht ansprechbar ist

Dieses Merkblatt wurde auf der Grundlage von Erste-Hilfe-Ratschlägen der St. John Ambulance, der landesweit führenden Erste-Hilfe-Organisation, erstellt. Diese Ratschläge sind kein Ersatz für einen Erste-Hilfe-Kurs - finden Sie einen Kurs in Ihrer Nähe.

Unresponsive and breathing

Worauf ist zu achten?

If a child is not responding to you and you think they are unresponsive, ask loudly: 'What has happened?' or 'Open your eyes'. Place one hand on their shoulder and tap gently. If they still do not respond, it's likely they're unresponsive.

Was Sie tun müssen

If you think your child is unresponsive, check to see if they are still breathing normally. If they are unresponsive and breathing, here's what you need to do:

Step 1 - Open their airway

• Place one hand on the child's forehead and gently tilt their head back. As you do this, their mouth will fall open slightly.

• Place the fingertips of your other hand on the point of their chin and lift it.

Öffnen Sie die Atemwege

Step 2 - Check to ensure they are breathing normally

• Achten Sie auf die normale Atmung - Brustkorbbewegung, Atemgeräusche und Atemzüge an der Wange - und achten Sie darauf. Tun Sie dies nicht länger als zehn Sekunden.

Atmung prüfen

• If they are breathing normally, put them into the recovery position to keep their airway open.

Step 3 - Put them in the recovery position

The next three steps are for if you find the child lying on their back. If you find them lying on their side or their front you may not need all three.

1. Place their arm nearest you at a right angle to their body, with the palm facing upwards.

2. Legen Sie den anderen Arm quer über die Brust, so dass der Handrücken an der Wange anliegt, die Ihnen am nächsten ist, und halten Sie ihn dort. Heben Sie mit der anderen Hand das andere Knie an und ziehen Sie es nach oben, bis der Fuß flach auf dem Boden steht.

3. Now roll the child on to their side. Carefully pull on their bent knee and roll them towards you. Once you've done this, the top arm should be supporting their head and the bent leg should be on the floor to stop them from rolling over too far.

Erholungsposition

• Next, check that their airway is open, so they can breathe, and any fluid in their mouth can drain away. To do this, tilt their head back, gently tilt their chin forward and make sure that their airway will stay open and clear.

Step 4 - If you suspect a spinal injury

If you think the child could have a spinal injury, you must try and keep their neck as still as possible. Instead of tilting their neck, use the jaw thrust technique:

• Place your hands on either side of their face and with your fingertips gently lift the jaw to open the airway, avoiding any movement of their neck.

Verdacht auf Wirbelsäulenverletzung

Step 5 - Call for help

• Once you've put them safely into the recovery position, call 999 or 112 for emergency help.

• Remember that until help arrives you must keep checking that they're still breathing normally.

• If they stop breathing normally at any point, call 999 or 112 straight away and get ready to give them chest compressions and rescue breaths - CPR.

Unresponsive and not breathing

If a child is not responding to you and you think they are unresponsive, ask loudly 'What's happened?' or say to them: 'Open your eyes!'. Place one hand on their shoulder and tap gently. If they still do not respond, it's likely that they're unresponsive.

Open their airway and check to see if they are breathing normally by looking for chest movement, listening for the sounds of normal breathing and seeing if you can feel their breaths on your cheek.

If they are not breathing, you need to start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation - a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths) straight away.

Was Sie tun müssen

If someone is with you, get them to call 999 or 112 for emergency help.

If you're on your own, you need to give one minute's worth of CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation - before you call for help. This involves giving chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep the child's circulation going.

How to perform CPR on a child

• Kneel down beside the child on the floor, level with their chest.

• Give five initial rescue breaths before starting the sequence of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths.

Step 1 of 1

• Ensure the child's airway is open.

Open airway child

Step 2 of 7

• Kneifen Sie die Nase fest zu.

Pinch nose child

Step 3 of 7

• Atmen Sie tief ein und schließen Sie Ihre Lippen um ihren Mund.

• Blow steadily into the mouth until the chest rises.

Rescue breath child

Step 4 of 7

• Nehmen Sie den Mund weg und lassen Sie die Brust fallen.

Check breathing child

• Give two more rescue breaths.

• Now give 30 chest compressions.

Step 5 of 7

• Place the heel of one hand towards the end of their breastbone, in the centre of their chest, making sure you keep the fingers off the ribs.

• Lean over the child, with your arm straight, pressing down vertically on the breastbone, and press the chest down by at least one third of its depth.

CPR finger position child

CPR child 1

• Release the pressure without removing your hand from their chest. Allow the chest to come back up fully - this is one compression.

CPR child 2

• Repeat this 30 times, at a rate of about twice a second or the speed of the song 'Staying Alive'.

• Now give two rescue breaths.

Step 6 of 7 Call for help

• Remember to call for emergency help after about a minute if you are on your own.

• Carry on giving 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths for as long as you can, or until help arrives. If the child starts breathing normally again, stop CPR and put them in the recovery position.

Hinweis: Diese Hinweise sind kein Ersatz für gründliche Kenntnisse in Erster Hilfe. Die St John Ambulance bietet landesweit Erste-Hilfe-Kurse an.

Copyright for this leaflet is with St John Ambulance.