Was man zu jemandem, der im Sterben liegt, nicht sagen sollte

Don't ask 'How are you?'

For most of us, asking someone how they're feeling is a natural conversation opener, and we probably don't even think about the significance of the words. But asking this question when someone is seriously ill can cause undue stress.

"'How are you?' is one of the worst possible questions to ask when someone has been given a life-limiting prognosis," explains end of life doula Anna Lyons, from LifeDeathWhatever. "Instead ask: 'How are you feeling today?' This helps the patient to focus on the moment. It's much more helpful and enables you to ask how they are without asking a big open-ended question."

"Starting by asking questions about how they are feeling, will perhaps give you an idea of how open they want to be, and what they want to talk about," agrees Glyn Thomas, a palliative care social worker at the Marie Curie Hospice Hampstead.

People living with a terminal diagnosis can sometimes feel as if the person they were before has been completely swallowed by their illness. Whilst it might be appropriate to talk about their health at times, many patients report simply wanting to be treated normally.

"Illness can make people feel very institutionalised and removed from everyday life; therefore discussing what is happening in the real world is often a good thing and makes people feel part of things," explains Thomas.

"It's important to allow the person who's unwell to control and dictate the conversation. Let them know you are there for them and willing to talk about anything but it's in their hands. When you're unwell, so much control is removed from your world: you're told what to do, when to eat. You need to try to maintain a sense of control in aspects of your life and one way is that you choose when to talk about the illness. And if someone says don't, then don't!" adds Lyons.

If you're planning a gathering, or a trip out, it might be natural to assume that someone with a severe illness won't be up to joining in. But cutting someone out of the friendship loop is not the answer.

"Being unwell can be very isolating. Friends tend to stop inviting you to stuff and I would say, even if someone isn't well enough, carry on including them; try to find ways that they can be a part of things. Treat them as a human not just an illness," says Lyons.

Once someone has been given a terminal diagnosis, it's natural to think of them as 'dying'. But in fact, it's important to remember that whilst the person's time might be limited, they are still very much alive.

"We should stop using the word 'dying'. Because you're only dying right at the last moment - until that, you're living with a life-limiting illness. There are things terminally ill people want to do. There's always a way," says Lyons.

A person with a terminal diagnosis and those caring for them will naturally need a lot of support. But unspecific offers of help can often seem meaningless.

"Don’t say things like 'let me know if you need anything'," advises Lyons. "Instead, do things: cook some food, clean the house, send cards, keep in touch often. Lots of people send flowers which is lovely, but when those flowers die, make sure they get thrown away. Make sure there's enough tea and fresh milk for when other people come round. Make tea for others when they're over. These little things can make everything run much more smoothly."

Whilst it's natural to want to spend time with a friend or family member who's been given a terminal diagnosis, it's also likely that they might not always be well enough to want to see you. But if you are turned away, don't give up on that relationship or write the person off - try to understand that it's important to wait for the right time.

"It might be that the patient is particularly unwell when you visit. Living with a terminal illness is a very unpredictable thing and often how you feel or what you are able to do can change through the day, as well as day to day," explains Thomas.

Mobile phones have become so intrinsic to our lives that we barely notice how often we’re checking text messages or responding to electronic beeps. So, make sure that when you visit the person that you turn your phone off completely.

"Put your phone away. Turn it off. Listen to them. If you're getting texts or someone's ringing you - ignore it. The greatest gift you can give to someone whose life has been shortened is being properly present for them," explains Lyons.

Whilst the person who's ill is likely to be your primary focus, it's important to remember that those providing their care will need support too. And a good way to help your friend or family member is by providing support for their primary carers.

"Everyone needs to support one another so the primary carers have the strength and energy to support the person who's ill," says Lyons. "Ask carers if they need a night off. Make them dinner. Give them a hug; make them a cup of tea. If you don't feel they're in a position to look after the poorly person, do things for the carers. That’s really important."