Maligne Hyperthermie
Zuletzt aktualisiert 18. Aug 2020
Erfüllt die redaktionelle Richtlinien
- HerunterladenHerunterladen
- Teilen
- Language
- Diskussion
- Audio-Version
- Zu bevorzugten Quellen bei Google hinzufügen
Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to particular anesthetic drugs that are often used during surgery and other invasive procedures. Specifically, this reaction occurs in response to some anesthetic gases, which are used to block the sensation of pain, either given alone or in combination with a muscle relaxant that is used to temporarily paralyze a person during a surgical procedure. If given these drugs, people at risk of malignant hyperthermia may experience a rapid increase in heart rate and body temperature (hyperthermia), abnormally fast breathing, muscle rigidity, breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis), and increased acid levels in the blood and other tissues (acidosis). Without prompt treatment and cessation of the drugs, the body's reaction can cause multiple organs to be unable to function, including the heart (cardiac arrest) and kidneys (renal failure), and it can cause a blood clotting abnormality called disseminated intravascular coagulation. These complications may be life-threatening. (In medicine, the term malignant refers to conditions that are dangerous to one's health.)
Beschreibung
Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to particular anesthetic drugs that are often used during surgery and other invasive procedures. Specifically, this reaction occurs in response to some anesthetic gases, which are used to block the sensation of pain, either given alone or in combination with a muscle relaxant that is used to temporarily paralyze a person during a surgical procedure. If given these drugs, people at risk of malignant hyperthermia may experience a rapid increase in heart rate and body temperature (hyperthermia), abnormally fast breathing, muscle rigidity, breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis), and increased acid levels in the blood and other tissues (acidosis). Without prompt treatment and cessation of the drugs, the body's reaction can cause multiple organs to be unable to function, including the heart (cardiac arrest) and kidneys (renal failure), and it can cause a blood clotting abnormality called disseminated intravascular coagulation. These complications may be life-threatening. (In medicine, the term malignant refers to conditions that are dangerous to one's health.)
People at increased risk of this disorder are said to have malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Affected individuals may never know they have the condition unless they have a severe reaction to anesthesia during a surgical procedure or they undergo testing (for instance, if susceptibility is suspected because a family member had a severe reaction). Malignant hyperthermia may not occur every time anesthesia is used. Many individuals who develop a severe reaction have previously been exposed to a triggering drug and not had a reaction.
Affected individuals may be at increased risk for "awake" malignant hyperthermia, in which the severe reaction occurs in response to physical activity, often while sick, rather than in reaction to exposure to a triggering drug.
While malignant hyperthermia often occurs in people without other serious medical problems, certain inherited muscle diseases (including central core disease, multiminicore disease, and STAC3 disorder) are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Anesthesia related hyperthermia
Hyperpyrexia, malignant
Hyperthermia, malignant
Malignant hyperpyrexia
MHS
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Hitzerschöpfung und Hitzschlag
The risks of excess sun exposure to the skin are well known. Too much sun increases the risk of skin cancer, und burning carries a particularly high risk for malignant melanoma. But in the short term, excess heat also carries a risk of heat exhaustion which, if untreated, can lead to life-threatening heatstroke. If you are exposed to too much.
Patient information leaflet
Nierenkrebs
Most cases of kidney cancer develop in people between the ages of 60 and 70 although it can affect any age group. The most common early symp... What is kidney cancer. There are several types of Nierenkrebs but over 9 out of 10 kidney cancers sind "renal cell cancer". This is sometimes called renal adenocarcinoma or renal cell carcinoma or.
Patient information leaflet
Myasthenia gravis
What causes myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease. This means that the immune system (which normally protects the body from infections) mistakenly attacks itself. For some people, surgical remo... A small number of people with myasthenia gravis develop a growth (tumour) of the thymus gland, called a thymoma. If it occurs,.
Patient information leaflet
Kopfschmerzen
Maligne Hypertonie In most cases, it is an urban Mythos das Bluthochdruck (raised blood pressure) causes headaches. It is usually the other way round - raised blood pressure is a normal reaction to pain, so s... Those with malignant hypertension, where the blood pressures is dangerously high, may have a headache (but not always). Kopfschmerzen from.
Patient information leaflet
Hautgeschwüre
An ulcer is a break in the skin, through which the underlying tissues can be seen. Krebs These types of skin ulcers are called malignant skin ulcers. They may be caused by skin cancers , or by spread of Krebs from elsewhere. Cancers which can spread to the skin include Brustkrebs , und Krebserkrankungen of the head and neck or genital areas. ...type.
Patient information leaflet
Cushing-Syndrom
There are various different types of adrenal hyperplasia. Adrenal tumours: A non-cancerous tumour of an adrenal gland. A cancerous (malignant) tumour of an adrenal gland (very rare). Other causes of too much ACTH ('ectopic ACTH') Some rare tumours in other parts of the body sometimes make ACTH - for example, some types of lung cancer. The ectopic.
Weiterführende Lektüre und Referenzen
- Maligne Hyperthermie; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Ellinas H, Albrecht MA. Malignant Hyperthermia Update. Anesthesiol Clin. 2020 Mar;38(1):165-181. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2019.10.010.
- Kraeva N, Sapa A, Dowling JJ, Riazi S. Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in patients with exertional rhabdomyolysis: a retrospective cohort study and updated systematic review. Can J Anaesth. 2017 Jul;64(7):736-743. doi: 10.1007/s12630-017-0865-5. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
- Litman RS, Rosenberg H. Malignant hyperthermia: update on susceptibility testing. JAMA. 2005 Jun 15;293(23):2918-24. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.23.2918.
- Riazi S, Biesecker LG, Rosenberg H, Dirksen RT. Nonsyndromic Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility. 2003 Dec 19 [updated 2025 Aug 7]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1146/
- Riazi S, Kraeva N, Hopkins PM. Malignant Hyperthermia in the Post-Genomics Era: New Perspectives on an Old Concept. Anesthesiology. 2018 Jan;128(1):168-180. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001878.
- Riazi S, Kraeva N, Hopkins PM. Updated guide for the management of malignant hyperthermia. Can J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;65(6):709-721. doi: 10.1007/s12630-018-1108-0. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
- Treves S, Anderson AA, Ducreux S, Divet A, Bleunven C, Grasso C, Paesante S, Zorzato F. Ryanodine receptor 1 mutations, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord. 2005 Oct;15(9-10):577-87. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2005.06.008.
- Zaharieva IT, Sarkozy A, Munot P, Manzur A, O'Grady G, Rendu J, Malfatti E, Amthor H, Servais L, Urtizberea JA, Neto OA, Zanoteli E, Donkervoort S, Taylor J, Dixon J, Poke G, Foley AR, Holmes C, Williams G, Holder M, Yum S, Medne L, Quijano-Roy S, Romero NB, Faure J, Feng L, Bastaki L, Davis MR, Phadke R, Sewry CA, Bonnemann CG, Jungbluth H, Bachmann C, Treves S, Muntoni F. STAC3 variants cause a congenital myopathy with distinctive dysmorphic features and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Hum Mutat. 2018 Dec;39(12):1980-1994. doi: 10.1002/humu.23635. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
- Zvaritch E, Gillies R, Kraeva N, Richer M, Jungbluth H, Riazi S. Fatal awake malignant hyperthermia episodes in a family with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: a case series. Can J Anaesth. 2019 May;66(5):540-545. doi: 10.1007/s12630-019-01320-z. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Artikelverlauf
Artikel auch verfügbar in Englisch, Deutsch, Spanisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Portugiesisch, Hindi, Hebräisch, Arabisch, und Schwedisch.
18. Aug 2020 | Neueste Version
1 Mar 2020 | Ursprünglich veröffentlicht
Nehmen Sie an der Diskussion teil
Teilen Sie Ihre Gedanken oder Erfahrungen mit anderen in unserem Patientengemeinschaften.
Fragen, teilen, verbinden.
Durchsuchen Sie Diskussionen, stellen Sie Fragen und teilen Sie Erfahrungen zu Hunderten von Gesundheitsthemen.
Abonnieren Sie den Patienten-Newsletter
Ihre wöchentliche Dosis klarer, vertrauenswürdiger Gesundheitsberatung - geschrieben, um Ihnen zu helfen, sich informiert, selbstbewusst und in Kontrolle zu fühlen.
Durch das Abonnieren akzeptieren Sie unsere Datenschutzrichtlinie. Sie können sich jederzeit abmelden. Wir verkaufen Ihre Daten niemals.