Phobien

Phobiesymptome

• Angst oder Unruhe. If you come near to, or into contact with, the feared situation you become anxious or distressed. In addition you may also have one or more unpleasant physical symptoms. Read more about Angstsymptome.

• Physische Symptome. The physical symptoms are partly caused by the brain which sends lots of messages down nerves to various parts of the body when you are anxious. For example, the palms of your hands may become sweaty.

• Adrenalin-Exposition. In addition, you release stress hormones - such as adrenaline (epinephrine) - into the bloodstream when you are anxious. These can also act on the heart (make it beat fast), muscles and other parts of the body to cause symptoms.

• Der Gedanke an einen Auslöser kann Symptome verursachen. You may even become anxious by just thinking of the feared situation. You end up avoiding the feared situation as much as possible, which can restrict your life and cause distress.

• Social anxiety disorder. This is also known as social phobia and it is possibly the most common phobia. Siehe das separate Informationsblatt mit dem Titel Soziale Angststörung für weitere Details.

• Agoraphobia. This too is common. Many people think that agoraphobia means a fear of public places and open spaces. But this is just part of it. If you have agoraphobia you tend to have a number of fears of various places and situations. Siehe die separate Broschüre mit dem Titel Agoraphobie für weitere Details.

• Other specific phobias. Es gibt viele weitere Phobien gegenüber bestimmten Dingen oder Situationen – zum Beispiel:

  • Angst vor engen Räumen oder eingesperrt zu sein (Klaustrophobie).

  • Angst vor bestimmten Kreaturen, zum Beispiel Spinnen (Arachnophobie).

  • Angst vor Spritzen oder Nadeln (Trypanophobie).

  • Angst vor Erbrechen (Emetophobie).

  • Angst, allein zu sein (Monophobie).

  • Angst vor Ersticken (Pseudodysphagie).

  • Angst vor dem Zahnarzt (Dentophobie).

  • Flugangst (Aerophobie).

  • < span>Hohlraumangst (Trypophobie).

  • < span>Angst vor dem Ozean (Thalassophobie).

Es gibt jedoch viele andere, und einige sind ziemlich selten.

• Cognitive and behavioural therapies.

  • These therapies help you to change certain ways that you think, feel and behave.

  • Sie sind nützliche Behandlungen für verschiedene psychische Gesundheitsprobleme, einschließlich Phobien.

  • CBT usually works well to treat most phobias but does not suit everyone. However, it may not be available on the NHS in all parts of the UK. Siehe den separaten Informationszettel mit dem Titel Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) für weitere Details.

• Antidepressiva

  • Antidepressiva are commonly used to treat depression.

  • However, they also help to reduce the symptoms of phobias (particularly agoraphobia and social phobia), even if you are not depressed.

  • Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Antidepressiva. Selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI) sind die am häufigsten verwendeten Medikamente bei Angst- und Phobierkrankungen.

• Benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepine such as Diazepam are sometimes called minor tranquilisers but they can have serious side-effects.