Irak

Ländersteckbrief

The information on these pages should be used to research health risks and to inform the pre-travel consultation. Travellers should check the Foreign Office travel advice page which provides information on travel entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice. Travellers should ideally arrange an appointment with their health professional at least four to six weeks before travel. However, even if time is short, an appointment is still worthwhile. This appointment provides an opportunity to assess health risks taking into account a number of factors including destination, medical history, and planned activities. For those with pre-existing health problems, an earlier appointment is recommended. All travellers should ensure they have adequate travel health insurance. A list of useful resources including advice on how to reduce the risk of certain health problems is available below.

Ressourcen

• Lebensmittel- und Wasserhygiene

• Vermeidung von Insekten- und Zeckenstichen

• Persönliche Sicherheit

• Sonnenschutz

Details zu Impfempfehlungen und -anforderungen werden unten bereitgestellt.

Alle Reisenden

Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as recommended in the UK. These vaccinations include, for example, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine. Country-specific diphtheria recommendations are not provided here. Diphtheria tetanus and polio are combined in a single vaccine in the UK. Therefore, when a tetanus booster is recommended for travellers, diphtheria vaccine is also given. Should there be an outbreak of diphtheria in a country, diphtheria vaccination guidance will be provided. Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines. See details on the selective immunisation programmes and additional vaccines for individuals with underlying medical conditions at the bottom of the 'Complete routine immunisation schedule' document and the individual chapters of the 'Green Book' Immunisation against infectious disease for further details.

Zertifikatsanforderungen

Es gibt keine Zertifikatsanforderungen gemäß den Internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften.

Die meisten Reisenden

The vaccines in this section are recommended for most travellers visiting this country. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A ist eine Virusinfektion, die durch kontaminierte Lebensmittel und Wasser oder durch direkten Kontakt mit einer infizierten Person übertragen wird. Die Symptome sind bei kleinen Kindern oft mild oder fehlen ganz, aber die Krankheit kann mit zunehmendem Alter ernster werden. Die Genesung kann von Wochen bis zu Monaten variieren. Nach einer Hepatitis-A-Infektion ist die Immunität lebenslang.

Prävention

Alle Reisenden sollten auf persönliche Hygiene sowie auf Lebensmittel- und Wasserhygiene achten.

Hepatitis-A-Impfung

Da der Hepatitis-A-Impfstoff gut verträglich ist und einen langanhaltenden Schutz bietet, wird er für alle bisher ungeimpften Reisenden empfohlen.

Hepatitis A im Überblick

Tetanus

Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani bacteria and occurs worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.

Prävention

Reisende sollten alle Wunden gründlich reinigen und bei Verletzungen wie Tierbissen/-kratzern, Verbrennungen oder mit Erde verunreinigten Wunden ärztliche Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen.

Tetanusimpfung

Travellers should have completed a tetanus vaccination course according to the UK schedule. If travelling to a country or area where medical facilities may be limited, a booster dose of a tetanus-containing vaccine is recommended if the last dose was more than ten years ago even if five doses of vaccine have been given previously. Country-specific information on medical facilities may be found in the 'health' section of the FCDO foreign travel advice pages.

Tetanus im Überblick

Typhus

Typhoid is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. Previous typhoid illness may only partially protect against re-infection. Vaccination is recommended for most travellers, particularly travellers visiting friends and relatives, those in contact with an infected person, young children, frequent or long-stay travellers visiting areas where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor, and laboratory personnel who may handle the bacteria for their work.

Prävention

Alle Reisenden sollten auf persönliche Hygiene sowie auf Lebensmittel- und Wasserhygiene achten.

Typhus-Impfung

Orale und injizierbare Typhus-Impfungen sind verfügbar.

Typhus im Überblick

Einige Reisende

The vaccines in this section are recommended for some travellers visiting this country. Information on when these vaccines should be considered can be found by clicking on the arrow. Vaccines are listed alphabetically.

Cholera

Cholera ist eine bakterielle Infektion, die durch kontaminierte Lebensmittel und Wasser übertragen wird. Cholera kann schweren wässrigen Durchfall verursachen, obwohl milde Infektionen häufig sind. Die meisten Reisenden haben ein geringes Risiko.

Prävention

Alle Reisenden sollten auf persönliche Hygiene sowie auf Lebensmittel- und Wasserhygiene achten.

Cholera-Impfung

This oral vaccine is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, including aid workers, those going to areas of cholera outbreaks who have limited access to safe water and medical care, and those for whom vaccination is considered potentially beneficial.

Cholera im Überblick

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection spread through blood, semen and vaginal fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also pass on the infection to their baby during childbirth. This country is considered to have an intermediate or high prevalence of hepatitis B.

Prävention

Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids, including avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse, tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile equipment is used), and not sharing needles or other injection equipment. Following universal precautions if working in a healthcare or other higher-risk setting is also advised. A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource-poor areas.

Hepatitis-B-Impfung

Vaccination could be considered for all travellers and is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk, including those who may have unprotected sex, those who may be exposed to contaminated needles, and those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work. Long-stay travellers and families adopting children from this country should also consider vaccination.

Hepatitis B im Überblick

Tollwut

Rabies is a viral infection which is usually transmitted following contact with the saliva of an infected animal most often via a bite, scratch or lick to an open wound or mucous membrane. Rabies symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do, the condition is almost always fatal. The risk of exposure is increased by certain activities and length of stay. Children are at increased risk as they are less likely to avoid contact with animals and to report a bite, scratch or lick.

Rabies in Iraq

Tollwut wird als Risiko angesehen und wurde bei Haustieren in diesem Land gemeldet. Fledermäuse können auch tollwutähnliche Viren übertragen.

Prävention

Travellers should avoid contact with all animals. Rabies is preventable with prompt post-exposure treatment. Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.

Tollwutimpfung

A full course of pre-exposure vaccines simplifies and shortens the course of post-exposure treatment and removes the need for rabies immunoglobulin which is in short supply worldwide. Pre-exposure vaccinations are recommended for travellers whose activities put them at increased risk, including those at risk due to their work and those travelling to areas where access to post-exposure treatment is limited.

Tollwut im Überblick

Tuberkulose

TB is a bacterial infection most commonly affecting the lungs but can affect any part of the body. When a person with TB in their lungs or throat coughs or sneezes they could pass TB on to other people. TB is curable but can be serious if not treated. The BCG vaccination helps to protect some people, particularly babies and young children who are at increased risk from TB.

Prävention

Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary or laryngeal TB. Those at risk during their work should take appropriate infection control and prevention precautions.

Tuberkulose (BCG) Impfung

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk of developing severe disease and/or of exposure to TB infection. For travellers, BCG vaccine is recommended for unvaccinated children under 16 years of age who are going to live for more than 3 months in this country.

Tuberkulose im Überblick

Malaria is a serious illness caused by infection of red blood cells with a parasite called Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dusk and dawn. Symptoms usually begin with a fever of 38°C (100°F) or more. Other symptoms may include feeling cold and shivery, headache, nausea, vomiting and aching muscles. Symptoms may appear between eight days and one year after the infected mosquito bite. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is required as people with malaria can deteriorate quickly.

Prävention

Reisende sollten einem ABCD-Leitfaden zur Vorbeugung von Malaria folgen:

• Awareness of the risk – Risk depends on the specific location, season of travel, length of stay, activities and type of accommodation.

• Bite prevention – Travellers should take mosquito bite avoidance measures.

• Chemoprophylaxis – Travellers should take antimalarials if appropriate for the area.

• Diagnosis – Travellers who develop a fever of 38°C (100°F) or higher more than one week after being in a malaria risk area, or who develop any symptoms suggestive of malaria within a year of return should seek immediate medical care.

Risikogebiete

There is a very low risk of malaria in the rural northern area of Iraq below 1,500m, from May to November: awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended. There is no risk in the rest of Iraq.

Karte mit Empfehlungen zur Malariaprophylaxe

There are no antimalarial drugs recommended for Iraq.

Ressourcen

• Malaria im Überblick

• Malaria Informationsblatt

• Vermeidung von Insekten- und Zeckenstichen

• Richtlinien zur Malariaprävention für Reisende aus dem Vereinigten Königreich

There are some risks that are relevant to all travellers regardless of destination, such as road traffic and other accidents, diseases transmitted by insects or ticks, and diseases transmitted by contaminated food and water. Some additional risks in this country are mentioned below.

Höhe

Es besteht ein Risiko für Höhenkrankheit, wenn man zu Zielen von 2.500 Metern (8.200 Fuß) oder höher reist. Wichtige Risikofaktoren sind die erreichte Höhe, die Aufstiegsrate und die Schlafhöhe. Ein schneller Aufstieg ohne eine Phase der Akklimatisierung setzt einen Reisenden einem höheren Risiko aus.

Altitude illness in Iraq

Es gibt einen Punkt in diesem Land, der höher als 2.500 Meter liegt.

Prävention

Travellers should spend a few days at an altitude below 3,000m. Where possible, avoid travel from altitudes less than 1,200m to altitudes greater than 3,500m in a single day. Ascent above 3,000m should be gradual. Travellers who develop symptoms of AMS should avoid further ascent.

Höhenkrankheit im Überblick

Stechende Insekten oder Zecken

Insekten- oder Zeckenstiche können an der Einstichstelle Hautreizungen und Infektionen verursachen. Sie können auch bestimmte Krankheiten übertragen.

Prävention

All travellers should avoid insect and tick bites day and night. There are no vaccinations to prevent these diseases.

Seasonal influenza

Seasonal influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and spreads easily from person to person via respiratory droplets. Symptoms appear rapidly and include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise, cough, sore throat and a runny nose. For those who do not fall into high-risk categories, vaccination may be available privately.

Prävention

Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals, wash hands frequently, and practice ‘cough hygiene’. Vaccination is offered routinely each year to those at higher risk of severe disease following influenza infection.

Influenza in brief

Coronavirus des respiratorischen Syndroms im Nahen Osten

MERS-CoV is a viral infection spread by direct or indirect contact with infected camels or camel-related products. Symptoms include fever and cough that can progress to severe shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.

Prävention

All travellers, particularly those with chronic medical conditions, should practice good general health measures and avoid contact with camels.

MERS-CoV im Überblick

Außenluftqualität

Poor air quality is a significant public health problem linked to many health issues. Current information on world air quality is available from the Weltluftqualitätsindex-Projekt.

Prävention

Travellers with health problems that might make them more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution should discuss their travel plans with their doctor.

Außenluftqualität im Überblick

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by larvae released from infected freshwater snails. There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this country.

Prävention

There is no vaccine or tablets to prevent schistosomiasis. All travellers should avoid wading, swimming, or bathing in fresh water.

Schistosomiasis im Überblick

Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen

STIs are a group of infections spread during sexual intercourse or by intimate contact. Risk is higher for travellers who engage in high-risk sexual behavior.

Prävention

Using condoms consistently and correctly with new or casual partners is the most effective way to reduce risk of STIs. Travellers should seek medical advice if they think they may have an STI.

STIs in brief

For further details on any of the above topics, consult your healthcare provider or the relevant health authorities.

Quelle und Haftungsausschluss

Diese Reisegesundheitsinformationen basieren auf Daten, die von NaTHNaC (dem National Travel Health Network and Centre) bereitgestellt wurden. Alle geistigen Eigentumsrechte an den Daten gehören NaTHNaC. Sie dürfen nicht ohne vorherige schriftliche Zustimmung von NaTHNaC kopiert, reproduziert, verteilt, geändert oder zum Verkauf angeboten werden.
Patient.info stellt sicher, dass diese Informationen mindestens wöchentlich überprüft und aktualisiert werden. Allerdings sind die Daten von NaTHNaC nur zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Erstellung genau, und Patient.info ist allein dafür verantwortlich, deren Genauigkeit und Vollständigkeit nach diesem Datum zu gewährleisten. NaTHNaC übernimmt keine Haftung für die Nutzung dieser Daten durch Patient.info oder dessen Nutzer.