"Men always used to just be a distraction," says recovering sex and love addict Alice*, 32. "I used sex, love and romance to medicate uncomfortable feelings like guilt, stress, or fear - and that constant, obsessive search for male comfort took over my life. If I didn't have a sexual partner, I felt like I was staring into a black abyss."

It wasn't until she found herself in a particularly destructive relationship that Alice realised she had a problem.

"I was the other woman, so there were a lot of secrets and it was a very sexually driven relationship," she explains. "We were both very addicted to each other and, even though he was really quite abusive to me, I just couldn't leave. It was a magnetic pull, unlike anything I've ever really experienced. I used to feel a lot of Angstzustände if I wasn't around him, or if I had to go for a couple of weeks without sex."

This experience eventually led Alice to Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (SLAA) - a 12-step peer support programme based on Alcoholics Anonymous.

"People have such different experiences before they come into SLAA but I think a lot of them, like me, join off the back of quite an obsessive relationship," she reflects. "It was like I was constantly searching for someone to fix me or solve my problems."

Addicted to love?

Part of the difficulty with defining addictive or compulsive sexual behaviour is that it's all relative, and depends a lot on each individual's relationship to that behaviour.

"The main questions I always ask are: Is it hurting you? Is it hurting another? Is it out of control? And have you tried to stop?" explains psychosexual therapist Ian Baker, a member of the College of Sexual and Relationship Therapists (COSRT) and chair of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity (ATSAC).

"It's about working out someone's relationship to what is out of control, not pathologising it, taking cultural and religious aspects into account, and understanding guilt and shame before you label someone," he adds. "The way I'd work with someone is to start by going through the triggers, the role of fantasy, the role of orgasm, the anticipation, and people's overall well-being. You may find that people are using the excitement and addiction of what they're doing to medicate their own anxiety, so it gets quite complex."

As a result, Baker explains, there's no 'one-size-fits-all' treatment.

"Any recovery is not abstinence; recovery is new behaviours, new habits, new lifestyles. If you do abstinence without doing any recovery work, your brain gets tired and you will relapse," he says. "At the beginning, it's about putting in the pillars of support, finding what the challenges are, and then moving into the deeper relational stage."

Understandably, Alice initially felt a lot of shame about seeking help for her addiction.

"When I first started going to SLAA groups, I thought: 'Oh god, what if someone finds out? It's so embarrassing; what will people think?' I also wondered what kind of people were going to be at a Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous meeting. When I first walked in the door, I was so surprised that everyone just looked really normal. People were actually very welcoming and friendly," she says.

Alice has been attending several meetings a week since March 2016, and is now at step 10 of 12.

"At first I found it quite challenging listening to what people were sharing - talking about fantasy, destructive relationships, self-esteem and self-sabotage - but I knew I was in the right place," she adds. "The support network, and working through the 12 steps, has really changed my life. That feeling of not being alone is so comforting, and coming to SLAA has altered my perspective on so many things."

Each step, she explains, addresses a different aspect of the addiction, and how to regain control over your life.

"The acting out - whether that's Drogen oder Alkohol for some people, or sex and love for others - is just a coping mechanism for what's underneath, and the 12 steps help you work through the issues that are underlying the addictive behaviour," Alice explains. "Fantasy can often be a big issue too - having fantasy romances, and using fantasy to avoid reality, so a big part of recovery is yearning to really be present in reality."

Alongside the 12-step programme, Alice also sees a therapist, and says the two treatments complement each other.

"The programme is very logical in terms of working through your issues, and taking responsibility for your own actions, while therapy is helpful to understand my own psychology a bit more, and where I've picked up certain traits," she says.

Despite her progress, Alice still describes herself as a sex and love addict.

"I have an addict's brain in terms of craving intensity, and I still struggle with stability quite a lot, and wanting to use men to change the way I feel," she explains. "I don't think it's that wise to ever feel like you're cured - it's something that needs constant vigilance - but I don't have any shame around it anymore either. It's just like any other mental health condition, and I think it's probably a lot more common than many people think."